For some cannabis consumers, unexpected symptoms make it difficult to get the full benefits of these products. Developing concerns such as nasal congestion, skin irritation, headaches, coughing, or gastrointestinal discomfort could raise an important question: Could allergies be affecting my cannabis experience?

Understanding how allergies and sensitivities affect cannabis consumers and when testing and treatment may be appropriate can help you make informed decisions and avoid unnecessary symptoms.

Could I Be Allergic to Cannabis?

According to a 2023 study published in Allergy, research into cannabis allergies has been hampered by the varying legalities of the plant and its use. However, accounts of allergic reactions are well-documented. This includes:

• Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
• Allergic keratoconjunctivitis
• Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Contact dermatitis
• Anaphylaxis
• Cross-reactivity for those with certain plant and food allergies

More commonly, consumers may experience sensitivities or irritant reactions due to the way the plant is consumed. These reactions do not involve the immune system. They may occur because of smoke inhalation, vapor temperature, terpenes, mold spores, or additives.

This could cause symptoms similar to allergies, including nasal congestion, sneezing or coughing, itchy eyes, skin reactions, wheezing or shortness of breath, and stomach concerns.

What Parts of Cannabis Products Can Cause Allergic Reactions?

Several components of cannabis products could cause symptoms of allergic reactions or sensitivities. This includes:

• Cannabis plant proteins, especially in those with allergies to certain foods
• Terpenes such as limonene, pinene, and linalool can irritate airways
• Cannabis can grow mold spores when improperly stored or cured
• Carrier oils and additives can trigger allergic reactions in some individuals 

When Does Allergy Testing Make Sense?

For experienced cannabis consumers who continue to experience symptoms, it may be time to consider allergy testing. This is true if recurring symptoms correlate with the use of varying products or consumption methods.

Allergy testing may be appropriate if you experience any of the following:

• Symptoms that occur consistently after use
• Reactions that worsen over time
• You experience respiratory or skin symptoms after use
• You have known environmental or food allergies

Not all doctors or allergy testing companies test for cannabis or related allergies, but many can perform skin prick testing, blood testing, or other types of testing to determine if you might be reacting to the plant, mold, pollens, or cross-reacting because of another allergy. Some companies even offer IgE blood testing at home to help you identify your allergies and sensitivities.

Treatment and Management Strategies

Your next steps in managing or treating your cannabis reaction depend on whether you have a true allergy, a sensitivity, or a cross-reaction.

For Confirmed Cannabis Allergies

If you have a true allergy, avoidance is the best treatment. However, you can discuss with an allergy doctor whether using non-plant-derived cannabinoids might be safe.

Your medical team should not assess your allergies differently based on the cannabis laws in your area. Discussing your use openly with your doctors will ensure an accurate diagnosis and safe management.

For Sensitivities or Irritations

Most people who experience symptoms may just be experiencing irritation from the plant or their chosen consumption method. Some tips that could help include:

• Switching to oral or topical use
• Choosing a low-terpene formulation
• Use only temperature-controlled vaporization for inhalation
• Choose only lab-tested products with verified contaminant screening

In states with regulated cannabis markets, such as New Jersey, your best resources for dealing with sensitivities may be dispensary staff and strain guides. When you know what causes your reactions, working with your local dispensary staff can help you find products that meet your needs.

For Environmental Allergies

Sometimes, consumers learn that what they believe to be a cannabis allergy is actually a reaction to a seasonal or indoor allergen. Using antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids, or allergen immunotherapy shots or drops can significantly reduce or eliminate symptoms. 

Optimizing Your Cannabis Experience Despite Allergies or Sensitivities

Being an informed cannabis consumer extends beyond discussing strains, potency, and delivery systems. It also includes understanding your body and how use affects all aspects of your health and wellbeing. This includes allergies and sensitivities.

If you experience allergy symptoms, testing can clarify whether you have a cannabis allergy. This will allow you to make evidence-based decisions without abandoning cannabis entirely.

Cannabis science continues to evolve and we understand more about how the plant affects the body each year. Staying up to date on the emerging research can ensure you have the most comfortable and enjoyable experience possible.